how to check for bed bugs
Bed Bug Identification
Before treating for bed bugs, it is best to ensure you actually have them! Depending on your infestation level, that could be a little tricky or it could be self evident. The key is to know how their physical symptoms manifest themselves: What the bed bug itself, their bites, eggs, molts and nests look like, their most common hiding places in your building, furniture or personal items. If you are not sure, a little detective work can go a long way to confirming whether bed bugs are present or not.
1. Bites: Check Your Body
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Bed bug bites are not usually noticed right away because they are painless due to a saliva-like numbing agent injected by the bug as it feeds. Over a couple of weeks, bites will slowly develop into raised itchy welts or lesions, similar to that of a mosquito bite and typically appear in groups of three. Hairless areas are preferred, so your inner arms, shoulders, face, neck, back and feet are common biting locations but any area of easily accessible, exposed skin while you are sleeping is a likely target.
It is impossible to confirm bed bug presence by bites alone but they are typically the first evidence that something is wrong and absolutely deserves further exploration. And for good reason: What are these marks, where did they come from and what are they doing to me? Rest assured, bites are not known to transmit disease but they are unsettling to say the least. As many as 30% of all people have absolutely no reaction bed bug bites and according to BedBugs.org, the majority of those over 65 years old have no reaction. It is absolutely possible for several people living in the same house, even two sleeping in the same bed, to have one person not affected. |
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2. What to look for
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1. Dark Fecal Matter Spots: Bed bug poop are pinhead sized black dots that bleed on a fabric surface, much like if you dotted the area with a black Sharpie marker. They are typically clustered together (especially beneath their nests), which will help you locate them, because of the nature of the bed beg to congregate closely in groups.
2. Blood Smears and Stains: Rusty or reddish stains on the bed sheets and mattress resulting from crushed bed bugs leaching blood from a recent feeding if you were to rollover on them while sleeping. Your sheets, pillowcases, pajamas and mattress seams are common places blood stains are found. 3. Skin Castings and Molts: As adolescent (nymph) bed bugs grow, they shed their skin and molt five different times before achieving mature adulthood. Skin castings are paper thin replicas of the bed bug itself, but are lighter in color and empty inside. The bed bug literally crawls out of its own skin as it advances in size. These molted shell casings are not typically found out in the open like blood smears and are more likely to be found where bed bugs hide between feedings, in their harborages (mattress seams, couch cushions, etc). 4. Eggs and Eggshells: Bed bug eggs are tiny but visible to the naked eye (1mm), shiny, milky white in color and are located both inside the harborage/nesting areas and occasionally found isolated away from the group. Females create a cement-like substance to help them adhere to surfaces, especially fabrics and wood (like a underneath a couch cushion, inside a suitcase or inside a bed frame). Empty eggshells are very symptomatic of a thriving multi-generational infestation. |
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3. Look for live (or dead) Bed bugs
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Nymphs: Adolescent bed bugs (Stages 1-5). The stage one nymph is very difficult to spot because they just hatched, have not had a blood meal and are absolutely tiny, 1/16" long AND almost clear (straw yellow). A magnifying glass will help immensely! As it feeds, it grows darker and larger each developmental stage.
Adults: Both males and females are darker red if they have not fed recently and brighter red just after feeding. Males are rounded in shape and females have a more pronounced oval shape. They are virtually flat, have small black eyes, antennae and six legs. Both can run rather quickly on horizontal surfaces. |
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4. where to lookThe biological nature of the bed bug is elusive and nocturnal (peak activity usually occurs between 10pm - 6am). This makes it more difficult to detect them. They typically nest in groups of adults, adolescents and eggs just a few feet away from where we sleep (bed) and relax (couch). Due to their parasitic nature, they will only spend a tiny fraction of their life physically attached to their hosts (you) and will almost certainly be found in their harborage nesting areas. Don't be afraid to grab a flashlight, a credit card/playing card and wake up in the middle of the night do your inspection! Go slow and look for any evidence shown above.
Furniture The Bed: Sheets, inside pillowcases, on and under the mattress, mattress corners, seams and tag, box spring (pull the mesh to expose the wooden framing), the metal bed rails and between headboard and the wall Furniture Near the Bed: Nightstand/dresser drawer slides, inside framing (remove drawers), seams and joints, between the units and their feet, screw holes, rails, etc. Upholstered Furniture: Inspect seams, zippers of couch cushion open the foot rests and back paneling and look under neigh at the wooden structure. Building Structure Walls (cracks in plaster or drywall, behind peeling wallpaper) Door Frames, blinds, curtains Around and inside electrical outlets (remove face plates but do not touch anything inside), moldings: floor and door trim (between bottom of floor molding and flooring itself) Look under and along carpet edges, carpet tacking strips, under area rugs Personal Belongings Luggage, Purses, school backpacks, laptops, alarm clocks, phones, cable boxes Behind wall pictures, posters, mirrors, etc. Cardboard boxes, Area near animal cages and bedding |
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